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Annie Heloise Abel (February 18, 1873 – March 14, 1947) was an American historian who was among the earliest professional historians to study Native Americans. She was one of the first thirty women in the United States to earn a PhD in history. Abel was an expert on the history of British and American Indian policies. According to historian James Anderson, she was "the first academically trained historian in the United States to consider the development of Indian-white relations."
Early life and education
Abel was born at Fernhurst, Sussex, England to George Abel and Amelia Anne Hogben. She emigrated to the U.S. in 1885, following her parents who were settling in Salina, Kansas, for the second time. Her father worked as a gardener and her mother ran a small family farm. Abel attended Salina High School, graduating in 1893. She immediately began teaching in the Kansas public schools. In 1895, Abel began studies at the University of Kansas, where her undergraduate studies were free. After two years of high school teaching, she attended the University of Kansas for her M.A. in History. Under the direction of Kansas historian Frank Haywood Hodder, Abel wrote an M.A. thesis entitled: "Indian Reservations in Kansas and the Extinguishment of Their Title." Based on that work, her Kansas advisor there recommended her for PhD coursework at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York and Abel began her studies there in 1900. After her potential advisor, Moses Coit Tyler, died, she decided to leave Cornell, and return to Kansas. To pay for graduate tuition, she returned to teaching high school from 1901 to 1903.
