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Herman Heijermans (3 December 1864 – 22 November 1924), was a Dutch playwright, novelist and sketch story writer, who is considered to be the greatest Dutch dramatist of the modern era. He is the most notable playwright from the Netherlands since Joost van den Vondel to have gained widespread recognition outside his own country.
Early life (1864–1892)
Heijermans was born in Rotterdam into a liberal Jewish family, the fourth child and eldest son of eleven siblings. His father, Herman Heijermans Sr., was a journalist for the 'Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant' and an advocate of 19th-century Jewish emancipation, promoting integration into broader culture and intellectual society. Painter Marie Heijermans was his sister.
The family, intellectually inclined but economically strained, struggled to assert itself within Rotterdam's mercantile class. Young Herman, taking on responsibility early, became a de facto "third parent" within the household. He initially followed his father's wishes by working at a bank, but his heart remained with writing. After a failed business venture in the rag trade and a broken engagement, Heijermans faced financial ruin in 1890, prompting him to turn seriously to literature.
Literary Beginnings (1892–1897)
Heijermans debuted in 1892 with the novella 'n Jodenstreek? ('A Jew's trick?') published in De Gids, prompting a move to Amsterdam and a role as theatre critic at De Telegraaf. He quickly rose to prominence, though his assertive manner drew criticism. During the winter of 1891-92 Heijermans had written his first play, using the theme of Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House and adding new characters and an authentic Dutch setting. Dora Kremer premiered on April 25, 1893, at the Groote Schouwburg in Rotterdam, and was met with general disapproval. Eager to avenge the humiliation, Heijermans plotted one of the most daring stratagems in modern Dutch literature. Determined to demonstrate that anyone but a Hollander would receive a warm welcome to the Dutch stage, he seized upon the Russian-sounding pseudonym 'Ivan Jelakowitch' and, keeping his own identity secret, announced his new one-act play Ahasverus, about a Jewish family caught in the violence of the pogroms of the 1880s. The play was a great success. In an article in De Telegraaf, Heijermans revealed his secret, quoting the reviews of Ahasverus along with the comments on Dora Kremer, much to the mortification of the critics.
