The Lands They Took

The book examines the colonization of the Americas from the 16th century onward, highlighting the appropriation of land, resources, and Indigenous labor by colonizers, governments, and markets. It presents estimates of mortality caused by epidemics, direct violence, and forced labor, as well as the scale of demographic losses. It also describes the political and cultural forms of resistance by Indigenous peoples over the centuries. The study draws on diverse sources and notes methodological limitations in quantifying the impacts.