Duarte Galvão

Duarte Galvão (1435/1440 – 9 June 1517) was a Portuguese courtier, diplomat and chronicler.

Biography

Duarte was born in Évora between about 1435 and 1440. His father, Rui Galvão, was a clerk of the royal chamber (escrivão da cámara) before 1429, then secretary of King Edward (1433–1438) and finally clerk of the purity (escrivão da puridade) under Afonso V (1438–1481). He led several embassies to the Kingdom of Castile. Duarte had an older brother, João Galvão, who was the bishop of Coimbra (1460–1481) and then archbishop of Braga (1481–1485). He served as legate to Portugal for Pope Pius II from 1461 until 1464.

From 1464, Duarte was a secretary and notary to the crown under kings Afonso V, John II and Manuel I, who entrusted him with many embassies. In 1489, he was sent to the French court to declare war on King Charles VIII of France. Between 1503 and 1505, at the request of Manuel I, Duarte wrote a chronicle of the reign of Portugal's first king, Afonso Henriques. Known as the Chronica do Muito Alto e Muito Esclarecido Principe D. Afonso Henriques, Primeiro Rey de Portugal, it is Duarte's only known literary work. The manuscript is kept in the Torre do Tombo National Archive. It was edited by Miguel Lopes Ferreira and printed in 1726, the first in a series of chronicles of Portugal's early kings. The next five were written by Duarte's contemporary, Rui de Pina.

At the court of Manuel I, Duarte favoured Portuguese involvement in the Indian Ocean. This he justified by appeal to the millenarian teachings of Joachim of Fiore and the objectives of recovering Jerusalem and blockading of the Red Sea. An undated letter by Duarte to Afonso de Albuquerque develops his religious conception of the Portuguese expeditions. Another letter of Duarte's, probably from 1514, was addressed to António Carneiro, the secretary of state.